Dr. Karim El Mufti
University teacher
Social entrepreneur
We need not talk about corruption in Lebanon anymore[1],
its Greater Corruption that has taken over the land of the Cedars. More than 20
years after the end of the civil war and dozens of billions of dollars swollen
up by the “costs” of reconstruction and rehabilitation, Lebanon’s situation
remains as if the conflict just ended. As such, the current economic and
social status appears to have worsened lately, as the infrastructure experienced
serious degradation, coming close to collapsing: sharp power blackouts[2],
mobile network failures, internet connection close to being the slowest in the
world[3],
absence of sustainable commuting system[4],
ravaging pollution[5],
rotten food[6],
fake medicine[7],
expanding chaotic urbanization and building structural failures[8],
destruction of ancient heritage[9],
not to mention that Beirut recently won the palm of the most expensive city in
the region[10].
The list goes on and on, putting the future of the country’s economic and
social welfare at great risk, not to mention the regression of human rights in
what used to be the most progressive Arab country as far as freedom of
expression is concerned[11].
The heavy militarization of policy making, which paramount represents the
preoccupying new political custom of electing a military commander as head of
State, along with the growing discretionary role of the General Security and
other security agencies, also send worrying signals as to where Lebanon is
headed. Not willing to tackle urgent socio-economic issues, the entirety of the
political class strategically relies on the security grip (each allied with a
particular security sector) to continue to impose the stability of a deeply
corrupted system.
This Greater Corruption has not only put a halt to the modernization of
the country, but has also established a very narrow profiting system in which
members of the political elite substantially feed from the different lucrative
sectors in our national economy, whether in public or private sector, thus
handing over the country’s (un)management to the hands of a mafiocracy. Monopolies have restricted a
big portion of the country’s wealth in the hands of a few ; unregulated banks
are no match to the rising challenge of financing growth and modern sectors of
economic activity ; the oil and gas reserves still await maritime exploitation
; consumers rights are left by the door not allowed any place in the system. Public
land is either leased to the private sector for symbolic dollars[12],
or partially privatized[13]
or closed down for any public community to share[14].
Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) struggle to keep up with the heightening
costs of doing business due to the lack of investments in proper
infrastructure, causing heavy inflation of the costs of living for the Lebanese
population.
In order for this mafiocracy
to maintain its tight grip over Lebanon, three factors are in place. First, the
absence of the notion of conflict of interest that lost all legal and cultural
significance in both the public/private landscapes at all levels of the society[15].
Second, the protection umbrella granted by political and security actors tying
up the hands of the judiciary and any law enforcement attempt. Thirdly, the
continuous choice of policymakers to escape any reshuffling of the fiscal and
financial burden in a fair and responsible manner and continue to rely on two
major funding channels; for the State, dependency on foreign aid worth billions
of dollars; for the Lebanese households, dependency on the expatriates’ yearly
eight billion dollars sent to their families.
The effects of Greater Corruption led the social elevator to dramatically
slow down, as educated youth flee a shallow job market and real estate costs
suffocate young families now indebted for 20 or 30 years. As a result, grave
consequences are starting to surface; the recent hike in the number of bank
robberies, cases of breaking and entering, carjacking, looting and kidnapping (despite
the “security enforcement month” recently launched by Interior Minister Marwan
Charbel[16]),
represent only the tip of the iceberg. Add to that the hard strike launched by
EDL workers calling for an improvement of their working conditions, practically
ignored by relevant authorities, while other do-have in the country do not
share the fiscal burden within the national economy.
This alarming situation doesn’t seem to worry the ruling political class
who doesn’t appear keen to change the unwritten rules of the present political
economical system, despite the fact that we are approaching key parliamentarian
elections next summer. As a matter of fact, the partial election in Koura held on
15 July 2012[17]
shows how socio-economic factors are completely absent from the political
formations’ agendas. According to Ahmad Hariri, Secretary General of the Future
Movement, this partial election is a “prelude
of the 2013 elections which will determine the face of Lebanon in the future”[18];
no word (from either political sides) of the difficult living conditions in the
local areas of the district.
The current mafiocracy is a
collection of war makers, whether past or present. They have brought conflict,
destruction, displacement and today, greater corruption to a point of social
and economic depletion. As such, they represent the greatest menace for the
future of the country. They are, forever, indebted towards the children of the
civil war and the generations beyond.
15 July 2012
[1]
Transparency International ranks
Lebanon as 134th out of 183 countries on their perceptions of corruption index,
with a score of 2.5 out of 10, a level considered very corrupt. The country is
perceived as the 13th most corrupt in the region, in The Daily Star, 14 June 2012, available at http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Local-News/2012/Jun-14/176776-corruption-remains-rampant-in-lebanon-transparency-organization-warns.ashx#ixzz20lHszvbL
[2]
The latest power blackout was in June 2012, read http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Local-News/2012/Jun-19/177356-major-electricity-repairs-completed-following-lebanon-blackout.ashx#axzz20gJlIyn8
[3]
“Lebanon has slowest Internet connection in the world”,
Le Commerce du Levant, March 2011,
[4]
Read “La Loi des Bulldozers”, L’Orient
Le-Jour ,14 July 2012.
[5]
Read “Air Pollution linked to Cancer in Lebanon”,
The Daily Star, 28 July 2010.
[6]
In March 2012, a food safety crisis was revealed as several tons of meat,
chicken and fish were dumped throughout Lebanon by irresponsible restaurant
owners, read http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Local-News/2012/Mar-08/165939-authorities-confiscate-rotten-meat-and-chicken.ashx#axzz20gJlIyn8
[7]
Lebanon frequently has to deal with
counterfeit drugs on the local market leading to many fatal consequences, read
“Fake drugs are real threats”, Now Lebanon, 29 March 2010.
[8]
On 15 January 2012, a building collapsed in Fassouh neighborhood of Beirut
killing 27 people. Read http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Local-News/2012/Jan-16/159999-11-bodies-pulled-from-collapsed-beirut-building.ashx#axzz20gJlIyn8
[9]
The latest episode of the destruction of Lebanese Heritage was the devastation
by real estate promoters of ancient ruins on the Mina El Hosn protected site in
Beirut on 26 June 2012, read http://www.nowlebanon.com/NewsArticleDetails.aspx?ID=415856
[11]
See the innovative civil society series Mamnou3/Forbidden,
A Lebanese web-series about the day-to-day inner workings of the country's
censorship bureau, www.mamnou3.com
[12]
For instance, the Golf Club in
Ouzai (South of Beirut), a select club established on a public lot, is rented
by the State to a private holding for 1.100 Lebanese Pounds a year (0.73$), cf An
Nahar, 6 April 2011. On another note, public coast land is rented to
private beach resorts by State for 4.5$ per sqm, as disclosed by Al Akhbar on 2 July 2012, cf http://www.al-akhbar.com/node/96703
[13] Like
the case of SOLIDERE, cf BEYHUM, Nabil. The Crisis of Urban Culture: The
Three Reconstruction Plans for Beirut. The Beirut Review, n°4, Fall 1992
[14] Like
the case of Horsh Beirut, the Pine Forest at the heart of Beirut closed to the
public, cf “Beirut’s lone public park isn’t”, Los Angeles
Times, 7 January 2011.
[15]
On Lebanon’s contemporary pathology,
read Samir Khalaf, Lebanon Adrift,
Saqi Books, 2012
[17] Due
to the passing away of district’s MP Farid Habib.
